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  • indian polity

The Constitution: Foundation of Modern Governance

The Constitution is the supreme law of a nation. It lays out the framework for governance, defines …

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fundamental rights

Explore the Fundamental Rights enshrined in the Constitution — the core freedoms that protect the d…

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preamble

The Preamble to the Constitution of India is an introductory statement that outlines the guiding va…

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union territory

Union Territories (UTs) are administrative divisions in India directly governed by the Central Gove…

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prime minister

The Prime Minister of India is the head of the government and holds the most powerful position in t…

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Cabinet Ministers of India

Cabinet Ministers are senior leaders in the Indian government who head various ministries and assis…

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Panchayati Raj System in India

The Panchayati Raj system is a decentralized form of governance in which each village is responsibl…

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44th Constitutional Amendment Act...

The 44th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1978 was enacted to restore the democratic balance in Indi…

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UNION TERRITORY

Union Territories (UTs) are special administrative regions in India that are directly governed by t…

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CITIZENSHIP

Explore the concept of citizenship in India — its types, constitutional provisions, how one acquire…

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Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)

The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs) are crucial guidelines enshrined in the Indian Con…

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Fundamental Duties

Fundamental Duties are moral obligations listed in the Indian Constitution that remind every citize…

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Union Executive

Understand the essential structure and roles of the Union Executive in India’s democratic framework…

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Federalism

This blog explains the concept of federalism in India — how power is divided between the Centre and…

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Emergency Provisions

This blog explores the Emergency Provisions in the Indian Constitution, their types, legal procedur…

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Parliament of India

This blog explains the structure, composition, and powers of the Parliament of India. It explores t…

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Union Budget – Government Budgeting

This blog explores the structure, significance, and process of the Union Budget in India. It explai…

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State Executive.

This blog explores the State Executive in India, detailing its composition, powers, and constitutio…

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State Legislature.

This blog gives a comprehensive overview of the State Legislature in India — its structure, roles, …

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Indian Judiciary – Structure, Powers, and Independence

Explore the detailed structure and functions of the Indian Judiciary, its role in maintaining the C…

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Tribunals

This blog explains the meaning, types, and significance of Tribunals in India as part of the Indian…

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Local Government in India

This blog explores the Local Government system in India, highlighting its structure, key constituti…

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Election

This blog explores the election system in India, its legal framework, the roles of the Election Com…

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Constitutional Bodies

This blog explains what Constitutional Bodies are, how they are created, their powers, responsibili…

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Statutory, Quasi-Judicial, and Non-Constitutional Bodies – The Backbone of Indian Governance

This blog explains the meaning, functions, and differences between Statutory Bodies, Quasi-Judicial…

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Regulatory Bodies in India

This blog explains the meaning, types, and major examples of regulatory bodies in India, highlighti…

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Pressure Group

This blog explores the role and relevance of pressure groups in Indian politics. These informal ass…

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Importance Supreme Court Judgements in India

This blog explains the significance of Supreme Court judgments in India, detailing how they shape c…

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Recent Bills Passed in Parliament

This blog presents a concise overview of the most important bills passed in the Indian Parliament i…

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One Nation One Election proposal

This blog delves into the One Nation, One Election proposal in India, analyzing its meaning, need, …

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Women’s Reservation Act 2023

The Women’s Reservation Act, 2023 (also called the Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam, or Constitution (1…

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Digital Personal Data Protection Act 2023

The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 establishes a legal framework for handling personal …

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Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (IPC overhaul)

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS) replaces the colonial-era Indian Penal Code, 1860, with a m…

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Electoral Bonds verdict 2024

On February 15, 2024, a five-judge Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court unanimously declared the…

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Same-Sex Marriage SC ruling 2023

This blog explores the landmark Supreme Court judgment of October 17, 2023 regarding same-sex marri…

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Uniform Civil Code (Uttarakhand) 2024

Uttarakhand became the first Indian state to enact and implement a Uniform Civil Code (UCC) in 2024…

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GST Council vs States (Mohit Minerals 2022)

In the landmark Mohit Minerals judgment of May 2022, the Supreme Court struck down IGST levied on o…

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Internal Reservation for SC Sub-castes

This blog explores the concept of internal reservation among Scheduled Castes (SCs), the constituti…

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Karnataka OBC Muslim quota litigation

This blog explains the significance of Supreme Court judgments in India, detailing how they shape c…

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Economic Weaker Sections (EWS) Review

This blog explores the EWS reservation system introduced by the 103rd Constitutional Amendment, rev…

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Parliamentary Ethics Committee controversies 2024

A detailed analysis of the Lok Sabha Ethics Committee’s controversies in 2023–24, focusing on the h…

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Speaker’s disqualification powers (10th Schedule)

This blog examines the Speaker’s power to disqualify members under the 10th Schedule (Anti-Defectio…

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Delimitation after 2026 freeze

This blog examines the constitutional mandate and implications of lifting the delimitation freeze a…

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Appointment of Election Commissioners Act 2023

This blog examines the Chief Election Commissioner and Other Election Commissioners (Appointment…) …

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Judicial Accountability & Collegium transparency

This blog delves into the evolving demands for transparency and accountability in India’s judicial …

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Lokayukta & Lokpal performance audit

A comprehensive review of the performance of Lokpal (central) and Lokayuktas (state) since the enac…

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NJAC revival debate

A renewed debate has emerged in 2025 around reviving the National Judicial Appointments Commission …

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Governor–State friction (TN, Kerala)

This blog examines recurrent tensions between Governors and elected governments in Tamil Nadu and K…

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Tribal autonomy & Sixth Schedule expansion

An overview of the constitutional Sixth Schedule framework, current demands for expansion—including…

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Panchayat digital governance reforms

This blog examines recent digital reforms in Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs), highlighting initi…

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Urban Local Body finance post-15th FC

This blog critically evaluates the impact of the 15th Finance Commission on Urban Local Body (ULB) …

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Police reforms and Model Police Act

A comprehensive review of India’s ongoing police reform initiatives rooted in the Model Police Act,…

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Judicial infrastructure mission

This blog examines India’s judicial infrastructure mission—combining state and central efforts to m…

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National Education Policy (federal challenges)

This blog explores the federal complexities in implementing NEP 2020, highlighting conflicts over c…

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Health federalism post-COVID

An in‑depth examination of India’s health federalism in the wake of COVID‑19: how pandemic response…

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Gig-worker social security

This blog explores social security reforms for India's expanding gig economy—including national str…

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Climate governance & Just Transition

An analytical overview of India’s climate governance mechanisms and the emerging concept of Just Tr…

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India–Maldives tensions 2024

This blog provides a detailed analysis of the 2024 diplomatic rift between India and the Maldives —…

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India–Sri Lanka economic integration

An insightful exploration of how India–Sri Lanka economic integration is evolving—anchored in energ…

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India–Bhutan energy cooperation

This blog explores India–Bhutan energy cooperation—from decades-old hydropower projects to modern r…

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India–Nepal border settlements

An in‑depth look at the current trajectory of India–Nepal border settlement — including resumption …

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India–China LAC disengagement

A detailed analysis of recent developments in India–China disengagement along the Line of Actual Co…

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India–US tech initiative (iCET)

This blog explores the India–US Initiative on Critical and Emerging Technology (iCET)—launched in J…

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Quad-Plus and Indo-Pacific law

This blog explores the evolution and strategic role of the Quad-Plus alliance and its connection to…

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BRICS expansion 2024

A comprehensive overview of the BRICS expansion in 2024, examining the admission of new members, th…

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UNSC reform negotiations

This blog explores the ongoing negotiations around the reform of the United Nations Security Counci…

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Global South after India’s G20 presidency

This blog explores how India’s G20 presidency in 2023 reshaped the role of the Global South in inte…

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Israel–Hamas war & India

This blog explores India's diplomatic response, economic concerns, security implications, and geopo…

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Afghanistan engagement

This blog explores India’s evolving engagement with Afghanistan after the Taliban’s return to power…

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ASEAN–India trade upgrade

This blog examines India’s ongoing drive to upgrade its trade agreement with ASEAN, focusing on the…

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EU Carbon Border Mechanism

This blog examines the EU’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM)—its origins, structure, imple…

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Arctic Policy & Svalbard Treaty

This blog explores Norway’s sovereignty governed by the 1920 Svalbard Treaty, how its provisions sh…

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International Solar Alliance expansion

This blog examines the recent expansion of the International Solar Alliance (ISA), highlighting new…

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World Bank Evolution Roadmap

This blog examines the World Bank Group’s 2023–25 Evolution Roadmap—its objectives to modernize mis…

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AI governance & global norms

This blog examines the evolving landscape of AI governance, the rise of global norms and treaties, …

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Cybersecurity strategy 2024

This blog analyzes the global and Indian cybersecurity strategy landscape in 2024—key national poli…

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Deepfake regulation

This blog explores global and national developments in regulating deepfakes—AI-generated synthetic …

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Press freedom & defamation

This blog examines global and national trends in press freedom and defamation laws—including crimin…

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RTI Act dilution concerns

This blog examines recent amendments to the RTI Act introduced via the Digital Personal Data Protec…

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Mission Karmayogi (Civil services reforms)

A detailed exploration of Mission Karmayogi, the Indian government's capacity‑building initiative—i…

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Citizen charters & Sevottam 2.0

This blog explores the evolution of Citizen Charters in India, the shortcomings of existing impleme…

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NITI Aayog SDG Localisation dashboards

This blog examines NITI Aayog’s SDG localisation efforts through the SDG India Index, Urban and Nor…

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NGT caseload & effectiveness

An in-depth assessment of the National Green Tribunal (NGT)—its caseload metrics, performance trend…

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Judicial review of environmental clearances

This blog explores how the judiciary—including the Supreme Court and National Green Tribunal (NGT)—…

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Disaster Management Act post-cyclones

This blog analyses the 2025 amendments to India’s Disaster Management Act, highlights challenges in…

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NCRB data transparency

This blog outlines transparency issues in the National Crime Records Bureau’s (NCRB) data collectio…

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Prison reforms & overcrowding

This article examines recent data on prison overcrowding in India—undertrial burdens, occupancy rat…

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E-Courts Phase-III

This blog profiles eCourts Phase III, approved in 2023, with a ₹7,210-crore budget over four years,…

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Transgender Persons Act

An in-depth review of the Transgender Persons Act, 2019—contrasting it with the 2014 NALSA judgment…

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Rights of Persons with Disabilities audit

This article reviews audit findings and transparency mechanisms under the Rights of Persons with Di…

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Juvenile Justice Model Rules 2023

This blog examines the key updates introduced via the 2022–2023 amendments to the Juvenile Justice …

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Nutrition governance—Poshan Tracker

This blog examines how the Poshan Tracker—a smartphone-based real-time monitoring platform—is trans…

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Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) export

This blog explores India’s strategy to export its Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI)—including Aad…

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FRBM review

This article traces the evolution of India’s Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act (FRBM …

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Cooperative federalism—PM GatiShakti

This post examines how PM Gati‑Shakti, India’s National Master Plan for multi‑modal connectivity, o…

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Concurrent List disputes

This article explores legal and political conflicts arising from Concurrent List subjects—where bot…

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Inter-State Council revival

This blog examines the revival of India’s Inter‑State Council (ISC)—its constitutional history, str…

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River water disputes

This article surveys India’s enduring inter-state and international river water disputes—including …

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Tribal rights vs forest conservation

This article explores the complex dynamics between India's Forest Rights Act (FRA), 2006 and conser…

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Minority welfare schemes review

This article critically examines India’s minority welfare framework—from funding allocations and fl…

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NGO roles & FCRA

This article explores the evolving role of NGOs in social development and advocacy, the regulatory …

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Electoral roll & Aadhaar linkage

This article analyses the evolving framework around linking Aadhaar and voter ID (EPIC)—covering le…

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Model Code of Conduct digital enforcement

This article explores how the Election Commission of India (ECI) is enforcing the Model Code of Con…

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Parliamentary Committees backlog

This article analyses the growing backlog and underperformance of parliamentary standing and joint …

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State Legislative Council creation

This post reviews how India's State Legislative Councils (Vidhan Parishads) can be created or aboli…

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Coastal zone governance (CRZ-II)

This article delves into governance of CRZ‑II (Coastal Regulation Zone – II)—the zone covering urba…

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National Language Commission idea

This article explores the proposal for a National Language Commission—its constitutional basis unde…

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Digital Commons & Open Source policy

This article explores India's open source policy and digital‑commons ecosystem—examining the Govern…

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Court-mandated mediation law

This article examines India’s evolving system of court‑mandated mediation, especially under the Med…

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India’s refugee policy

This article reviews India’s ambiguous refugee framework — highlighting the absence of a formal law…

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Smart Cities Mission audit

This article examines audit and parliamentary oversight of India’s Smart Cities Mission (SCM)—highl…

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Swachh Bharat Phase-II

This article examines Swachh Bharat Mission–Grameen (Phase II)—its audit under economic surveys and…

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One Health approach

This article reviews India’s adoption of the One Health Approach through the National One Health Mi…

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National Research Foundation Bill

This article reviews the National Research Foundation Bill, 2023—legislative design, institutional …

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Internet shutdowns & proportionality

This article examines India’s frequent use of internet shutdowns, particularly in regions experienc…

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Caste census demand

This article examines the long‑pending demand for a nationwide caste census—covering its political …

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Crypto-assets regulation draft

This article reviews the evolving regulatory framework for crypto‑assets in India—including tax rep…

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Public Sector Bank governance reforms

This article reviews recent reforms aimed at improving governance in Public Sector Banks (PSBs)—cov…

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New Logistics Policy & ULIP

This post explores India’s National Logistics Policy (NLP) 2022 and its flagship platform ULIP (Uni…

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Labour Codes implementation

This article examines the rollout of India’s four consolidated Labour Codes—covering wages, industr…

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NaMo Drone Didi scheme

This article examines the NaMo Drone Didi initiative—a central sector scheme under DAY‑NRLM that eq…

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  • Indian Polity

Article 51-A of the Indian Constitution: Fundamental Duties

Article 51-A of the Indian Constitution defines the Fundamental Duties of Indian citizens, which we…

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PM-JANMAN tribal mission

This article explores the Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan (PM‑JANMAN)—India’s fla…

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Article 167 of the Indian Constitution | Role of the Chief Minister

Article 167 of the Indian Constitution outlines the specific duties and responsibilities of the Chi…

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Vibrant Village Programme

This article reviews India’s Vibrant Villages Programme (VVP)—its twin-phase rollout (VVP‑I & VVP‑I…

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  • Indian Polity

Article 352 of the Indian Constitution | Emergency Provisions

Article 352 of the Indian Constitution provides the President with the power to declare a state of …

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Cyber-bullying legal framework

This article maps India’s legal approach to cyberbullying—a patchwork of IT Act, IPC, the new Bhara…

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  • Indian Polity

Article 75 of the Indian Constitution: The Role of the Prime Minister

Article 75 of the Indian Constitution outlines the role, powers, and responsibilities of the Prime …

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Plea bargaining expansion

This article examines India’s limited use of plea bargaining, the legal framework under CrPC (Chapt…

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  • Indian Polity

Indian Constitution on Protecting Diversity: A Look at Articles 29 & 30

Articles 29 and 30 of the Indian Constitution are key provisions that safeguard the cultural, lingu…

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UNHRC votes & India’s HR stance

This article analyses India’s voting behaviour in the UN Human Rights Council (UNHRC)—especially on…

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Articles 25 to 28 of the Indian Constitution

Articles 25 to 28 of the Indian Constitution guarantee the right to freedom of religion to every ci…

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Green Hydrogen Mission governance

This blog explores the governance architecture of India’s National Green Hydrogen Mission, launched…

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  • Indian Polity

Article 23 and 24 of the Indian Constitution

Articles 23 and 24 of the Indian Constitution deal with protection against exploitation and safegua…

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Right to Digital Access (Fundamental Right)

This blog explores the growing demand for recognizing Right to Digital Access as a Fundamental Righ…

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  • Indian Polity

Article 21A of the Indian Constitution

Article 21A of the Indian Constitution guarantees the right to free and compulsory education for ch…

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Broadcasting Services Regulation Bill 2024

The Broadcasting Services (Regulation) Bill, 2024 seeks to bring India’s fragmented and outdated br…

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  • Indian Polity

Indian Constitution in Simple Words

The Indian Constitution is the supreme law of India. It outlines the structure of the government, t…

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National Commission for Minorities restructuring

The proposed restructuring of the National Commission for Minorities (NCM) aims to modernize and em…

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  • Indian Polity

Article 22 | Protection Against Arrest and Detention

Article 22 of the Indian Constitution provides protection to individuals against arrest and detenti…

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Cooperative Federalism vs State Autonomy tensions

India’s federal structure is designed to promote cooperative governance between the Centre and Stat…

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  • Indian Polity

Article 21: Right to Life and Personal Liberty

Article 21 of the Indian Constitution is one of the most important provisions that guarantees the r…

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Governor’s Discretionary Powers—SC guidelines

This blog delves into the constitutional provisions related to the Governor’s discretionary powers …

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  • Indian Polity

Article 20 of the Indian Constitution

Article 20 of the Indian Constitution offers significant protection to individuals against wrongful…

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Cybersecurity governance updates

This blog reviews India’s latest developments in cybersecurity governance as of mid‑2025—including …

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  • Indian Polity

Article 19: Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution

Article 19 of the Indian Constitution provides fundamental rights related to freedom of speech, exp…

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Parliamentary Committee system reforms

Parliamentary committees are the backbone of legislative scrutiny and detailed examination of polic…

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  • Indian Polity

Article 17 and 18 of the Indian Constitution

Articles 17 and 18 of the Indian Constitution are pivotal in promoting equality and social justice …

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AI governance framework

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionising economies and societies worldwide. However, the tra…

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  • Indian Polity

Articles 17 and 18 of the Indian Constitution

Articles 17 and 18 of the Indian Constitution are pivotal in promoting equality and social justice …

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Inter-State Council effectiveness

The Inter-State Council (ISC) is a constitutional body designed to promote coordination and coopera…

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  • indian polity

Digital Public Infrastructure governance

Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) refers to foundational digital systems and platforms that enabl…

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  • Indian Polity

Article 16 of the Indian Constitution

Article 16 of the Indian Constitution guarantees equality of opportunity for all citizens in matter…

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Constitutional amendment procedure debates

The constitutional amendment procedure in India, enshrined in Article 368, is a blend of rigidity a…

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  • Indian Polity

Article 15 of the Indian Constitution

Article 15 of the Indian Constitution prohibits discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, ca…

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Delimitation Commission & population freeze

The Delimitation Commission plays a crucial role in redrawing electoral boundaries in India to ensu…

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  • Indian Polity

Article 13 of the Indian Constitution

Article 13 of the Indian Constitution is a crucial provision that protects Fundamental Rights by en…

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Emergency provisions misuse concerns

India’s Constitution empowers the Central Government with Emergency Provisions to protect the natio…

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  • Indian Polity

Article 12 of the Indian Constitution

Article 12 of the Indian Constitution defines the State for the purposes of Fundamental Rights (Par…

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Social media regulation & liability

Social media has transformed global communication but also poses risks like misinformation, hate sp…

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  • Indian Polity

Article 14 Constitution of India

Article 14 of the Indian Constitution guarantees equality before the law and equal protection of th…

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