Ever wondered how successful organizations stay on track in a world full of uncertainty?
The answer lies in their ability to create, follow, and adjust different types of plans that guide every level of their functioning.
Introduction: Planning as the Foundation of Management
Planning is the first and most fundamental function of management. It involves setting objectives and outlining the best course of action to achieve them. In an organization, not all plans are the same—some are used once, while others guide daily operations over time.
This blog explores the major types of plans used in management and explains how they help organizations function effectively.
1. Single Use Plan
Definition:
These are non-repetitive plans created for one-time goals or activities. They are often short-term and cease to exist once the objective is achieved.
Types of Single Use Plans:
- Programmes: Step-by-step plans to execute specific projects.
- Budgets: Financial plans that outline expected income and expenditures over a set period.
Example: Launching a new product campaign.
2. Standing Plans (Repeat Use Plans)
Definition:
Standing plans are ongoing policies, rules, and procedures designed to handle recurring situations. They ensure consistency and save time in decision-making.
Elements of Standing Plans:
a. Objectives
- End goals that guide all managerial actions.
- Must be specific, measurable, achievable, and interconnected.
b. Strategies
- Broad action plans created in response to competitors or market changes.
- Often formulated by top management.
c. Policies
- Provide a framework for decision-making in recurring issues.
- Must be flexible, clear, and based on sound judgment.
d. Rules
- Clearly defined dos and don’ts.
- Violation leads to consequences.
- Types include Folklore, Guidelines, and Mandates.
e. Procedures
- Step-by-step instructions to accomplish tasks.
- Help maintain uniformity and avoid duplication.
f. Methods
- Standardized ways of performing tasks.
- Focus on efficiency, accuracy, and saving time/cost.
Visual Summary: Types of Plans
|
Plan Type |
Used For |
Example |
|
Single Use Plan |
One-time projects |
Annual event budget |
|
Programme |
Project execution |
Marketing campaign rollout |
|
Budget |
Financial planning |
Q1 budgeting for R&D |
|
Standing Plan |
Repetitive decision making |
HR leave policy |
|
Objective |
End goals |
Increase customer satisfaction |
|
Strategy |
Competitive advantage |
Entering a new international market |
|
Policy |
Guiding framework |
Code of conduct |
|
Rule |
Specific do’s/don’ts |
No smoking in office |
|
Procedure |
Chronological steps |
Recruitment process |
|
Method |
Task execution style |
Standard format for reports |
Conclusion: Planning is the Roadmap to Results
Planning gives purpose, direction, and structure to every organizational activity. By using a combination of single-use and standing plans, organizations can manage both unique projects and daily routines with clarity and confidence.
Each type of plan—whether it’s a budget, rule, or policy—plays a distinct role in shaping decisions and driving performance.
Key Takeaways
- Single-use plans are for temporary objectives; standing plans guide routine activities.
- Objectives and strategies align efforts with organizational goals.
- Policies, rules, and procedures standardize behavior and decisions.
- Methods ensure consistent and efficient task execution.
- Effective planning enables control, coordination, and success in management.